62 pages 2 hours read

Southland

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

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Chapters 11-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary: “Curtis and Alma, 1961”

Curtis gets into trouble at school for vandalism. Although administrators call the police, the officers aren’t allowed to arrest him because the school wants to handle the issue itself. Alma worries about the angry-looking cops because she knows that Curtis is flirting with trouble and that this moment can balloon into more trouble later: “She was afraid for him. Afraid of the effects of his age, his friends, his neighborhood” (124). Trouble like this happens often in the neighborhood to boys like Curtis, and she wonders if becoming a teacher was a bad idea. She’s gone during the day, so she can’t supervise Curtis. Now that he has received a two-week suspension, she needs to find a way to keep him out of trouble. Although she called her husband Bruce and told him not to worry, when she arrives home with Curtis, she sees Bruce’s car in the driveway.

When Bruce confronts Curtis, Curtis ignores him, angering Bruce enough to spin Curtis around and knock the milk carton out of his hand. Alma gives Bruce a look, and he immediately backs off. She then tells Curtis that part of his punishment is to look after Jimmy, who is Bruce’s sister’s (Estelle) kid. She works two jobs and lost her babysitter recently. Bruce can’t stand his sister Estelle because he just sees her as another single mother with kids, but “what Alma saw was a hard-working mother who was trying to do right by her children” (129). Curtis doesn’t want to be a babysitter, but now he will have to look after both Cory and Jimmy. Bruce blames Alma for not being home enough. He also thinks that the punishment is too light. He wants them to take something meaningful away, like track, but Alma sees that track is the only way for Curtis to get his frustration out. It would be a grave mistake to take that away. Alma also sees how much Jimmy looks up to Curtis and knows it will be a great bonding experience for the cousins.

When Jimmy first comes over, Curtis doesn’t bother to play with him and Cory. Over time, however, he begins helping them with their games, making them better. Soon enough, the three are always together. When his punishment is up, Curtis realizes that his own friends are boring, and he decides to be a permanent babysitter for Cory and Jimmy.

Chapter 12 Summary: “1994”

Lanier goes to meet with Captain Robert Thomas, whom he considers a man of his father’s generation (though he doesn’t know his father). He notes the fear that Thomas instills in his underlings now that he’s captain. When Lanier first sees Thomas, he notes that, though he is in his 50s, he looks 10 years older. Thomas apologizes for hanging up on Lanier, who he thought was a reporter. They make small talk, and then Thomas points out people in photos, including his old partner, Oliver Paxton, who left the force right after the Watts Uprising. When Thomas talks about his past, there is bitterness and anger in his voice at the way others treated the Black officers on the force like a necessary evil. Lanier admits that he “had to work ten times as hard as the white cops to get any kind of respect” (136). However, Thomas himself openly hates many Black people, especially those he considers the “Southern masses with whom his family was lumped together” (136). Thomas has worked hard to make a life for himself and his family, and he believes that these “ignorant blacks” have set him back. When Lanier finally presses for information about the murders, Thomas seems surprised at the photo of Nick Lawson. He says that it will be near impossible for Lanier to get people to talk out against Lawson, and he indicates that he himself won’t speak against Lawson. Lanier suddenly feels fearful of Thomas, and before they part ways, Thomas tells Lanier, “You watch yourself, son” (136).

Lanier calls Jackie after meeting with Thomas and asks if she’d like to grab a bite to eat. She’s unsure, as she normally doesn’t do things so spontaneously, but she eventually agrees. She doesn’t take him to one of her usual lesbian spots, preferring to keep her orientation to herself. The restaurant is opposite CBS Studios, which reminds Jackie of the recent earthquake that caused so much devastation. Lanier mentions how severe Thomas is, and how he’s probably hiding something, though he feels that they might find out something from Oliver Paxton. Jackie then tells him about the cash, the unopened box, and the bowling ball. Lanier guesses that the ball is from Holiday Bowl and suggests that she follow that lead as old-timers who might have known Frank still frequent the lanes. They also plan to follow up on Derek Broadnax and his sister.

The two begin talking about their family histories, and Lanier launches into an acutely personal history. He doesn’t really remember his father, but he remembers a story about him. He was a medic in the Korean War, and he took in an 8-year-old girl whose parents were killed. One day, he was gone longer than usual, and when he returned, he found the girl dead: She had been raped and murdered, and someone had carved a racial slur into her stomach. Lanier’s father knew he’d be accused of the crime, so he buried the girl and waited until people nearly forgot. Then he took his revenge, killing eight white soldiers. After that, he didn’t care about anyone. Jackie, who has lived a far safer life, doesn’t know how to respond. She diverts to a lighter subject, angering Lanier, but then makes it right by acknowledging his story about his father.

Although they get back on the same page, Jackie’s world again turns upside down when she sees Laura and her friend Kristine ushered to a table. Things suddenly become awkward, with Laura acting accusatory towards Jackie, who is trying to appease Laura while also trying to keep their relationship a secret. Lanier is only slightly paying attention, however, as he’s reliving memories of his father. When Laura leaves angrily, he briefly wonders why she’s so attached. Later, Laura calls Jackie and demands answers. Jackie finally tells Laura an abridged version of what’s happening.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Frank and Curtis, 1963”

Frank is working in the store when he hears a rapping at the back door. When he goes to investigate, he finds Curtis bloody and beaten up. Derek is away on errands, so he can keep Curtis out of sight for a bit. He sets about trying to make him feel better while asking who his attackers are: “Looking at Curtis’s face, he thought of his father, lying sideways, bruised and beaten on the gurney. He felt that old anger fuse with this newer one and coil through him, twisting and twitching” (151). Curtis refuses to say who his attacker is, and the thought angers Frank enough that he wonders if he and Victor Conway can still take on those who did this. Curtis also doesn’t want Frank to tell Alma, which means he wants Frank to lie. Frank genuinely cares about Curtis and wants the best for him. When Derek returns, Frank goes outside and flags down a police officer. It turns out to be Lawson, and against his better judgment, Frank tells him about the incident with Curtis. Lawson doesn’t care and belittles both Curtis and Frank. As Lawson leaves, Frank wonders “not for the first time since he’d come back to the States, if he’d defeated or even recognized the enemy” (155).

Chapter 14 Summary: “1994”

Jackie breaks a time-honored routine of spending weekends together with Laura by leaving early for Holiday Bowl: “The inviolate had been violated. And this was now the second time” (156). When Jackie arrives in the morning (as Lanier and Lois instructed her to do), she’s surprised at what she sees in the coffee shop. There are elderly Black and Japanese American men and women co-existing in the same space. She’s seen gatherings of elderly Japanese American people, and gatherings of elderly Black people, but never the two together like this. She tries to play it cool and order breakfast, and when she’s settled, she asks the waitress about Frank.

The waitress is surprised to hear that Jackie is Frank’s granddaughter. She goes off and talks to an elderly Japanese American couple, who then invite Jackie to sit with them. The Nakamuras, Bradly and Christina (Tina), knew Frank well. They also seem to know more about Jackie than Jackie does about herself: “[Jackie] shifted in her chair. It bothered her that this man knew the outline of her life when she hadn’t even known he existed” (159). The Nakamuras recall the Saturday that Frank brought Jackie to the Holiday Bowl, even though Jackie’s mom got upset at the action. Tina’s brother was a No-No Boy during the war (he opposed fighting against the Japanese), which meant both whites and Japanese Americans shunned him, except for Frank.

When Jackie asks about any surviving friends of Frank’s, Tina mentions Kenji Hirano but warns her because Kenji is old and mostly incoherent. He comes in on Tuesday mornings to bowl, however. When Jackie leaves, she realizes she forgot to visit the bowling alley, but she’s had enough for one day. Tina and Bradley then wonder if it was the right call to tell her about Kenji, given his state of mind. Tina visits him in the bowling alley and tells him that Frank’s granddaughter wants to meet with him eventually, but he simply mutters about God and being cold.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Kenji, 1955”

Kenji and his family are devout Catholics. He takes up bowling in 1955 because he believes that Jesus has told him to. It was his father Seiichi, in fact, who was instrumental in helping the Catholic Church of Little Tokyo come to fruition when he asked via post if he could be pardoned for his sins because he had to “defer to the Lord in the case of his son” (164). The US denied Seiichi a visa, so he came via Mexico. The Hiranos evacuated to Heart Mountain, and that’s where Kenji defied Jesus. Jesus appeared to him and told him not to have a child yet, but Kenji had heard the rumors about how the Americans planned to sterilize Japanese American men. Although he didn’t initially love his wife Yuki, passion soon grew, and they began filling the time by making love. Kenji then went off to war but returned for the birth of his child. To his horror, his wife was swollen beyond recognition when he returned, due to the prescribed salt tablets she took for dehydration. When the white doctor finally arrived, he was visibly drunk, and even the nurse was nervous. The doctor ended up brutally mishandling the delivery, killing Yuki and the baby.

Kenji didn’t kill the doctor, but he took out his rage on all the soldiers he killed in Italy. However, his anger wasn’t satisfied: “Twelve years later, Kenji didn’t know what to do with his hands, which still shook from not strangling the doctor” (168). It wasn’t until Jesus told him to bowl that he found something to do with his restless hands. He then asked Frank to teach him how to bowl.

Chapters 11-15 Analysis

The narrative again bolsters Curtis’s character in these chapters. Although he’s gotten in trouble at school, his eventual decision to be a role model and babysitter for his younger brother Cory and his cousin Jimmy shows that he was a generous person and a hero in Jimmy’s eyes. The narrative also addresses the plight of Black people who have nothing to look forward to in the face of increasing systemic racism, with Alma concerned at the direction Curtis is turning. She knows what happens to idle hands and bodies, and she doesn’t want Curtis to meet the same fate as so many other kids. As Alma knows, “[I]f you didn’t make them work, provide them with structure, they grew restless and bored and destructive” (124). Alma likens kids to litters of puppies. Without rules and structure, they destroy things until they end up destroying themselves.

Lanier gets a lead in the form of Captain Robert Thomas, an older Black officer who is all business. Although he worked in the neighborhood when Curtis was alive and had to deal with racism himself as one of the first Black cops on the force, Thomas doesn’t have much concern for Curtis’s plight. In fact, Thomas demonstrates internalized racism as he speaks about his past. Lanier brushes this all off, showing just how improbable it would be for Thomas to have any role in the murders. However, the narrative later reveals that Thomas’s racism did in fact propel him to commit the murders in Frank’s store. Thomas embodies The Pervasive Effects of Racism in America, as the ideology of anti-Black racism is so all-consuming that it even finds a foothold in the mind of a Black police officer.

Meanwhile, Jackie’s love life becomes more complicated as the narrative reveals her girlfriend, Laura, to be clingy and untrusting. However, neither wants to initiate the breakup. Jackie again faces a challenge to her beliefs when she visits Holiday Bowl and sees Black and Japanese American residents of the neighborhood co-existing. She’s never seen something like this before, and the scene highlights the complex relationships of Frank’s past world and Jackie’s present. This scene is evidence of Community as a Source of Strength; these older people have faced injustice together, and the bonds between them are stronger than forces of racism that might seek to divide them.

Two flashbacks add further depth to the story: The first shows the beginning signs of trouble with Nick Lawson, the white officer Lanier believes killed Curtis and the other boys. In this scene, Lawson harasses and beats up Curtis, and Curtis refuses to tell Frank who his attacker is. This scene also subtly shows Frank’s rage. The reader doesn’t yet know that Curtis is Frank’s son, but the way Frank becomes enraged at Curtis’s treatment, and his feeling of helplessness at not being able to protect Curtis, speak volumes. Kenji Hirano’s story finally comes to the fore, and it’s as painful and as tragic as all the others. He lost his wife and child in a concentration camp at the hands of a negligent white doctor. Although he killed many white enemies in Italy during the war, his hands have always been restless. This restlessness is the reason he began bowling: to do something with his hands.

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