62 pages 2 hours read

Southland

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

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Chapters 21-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary: “Jimmy, 1963”

Jimmy, Cory, and Curtis are playing ball in the alley when they find a practically brand-new guitar in the trash. Curtis asks them where they got it from, and then asks again to make sure that it doesn’t belong to anyone. Then he starts teaching Cory and Jimmy how to play the guitar. Just when Cory is starting to get the hang of it, Jimmy glimpses Lawson coming toward them: “He was maybe twenty feet away now, and Jimmy saw, behind him, the parked police car, which was blocking the end of the alley” (212).

Curtis pushes the boys away and tells them to run. They all scramble under a fence, but Lawson catches Curtis, who goes through last, and pulls him back under. He then beats Curtis up for talking back. He accuses Curtis of being a thief, reminding him that he and other cops know he did the vandalism job at his school. Lawson beats him up a bit more, then leaves. Cory and Jimmy rush back, having watched the entire thing because they were too frightened to leave Curtis behind: “When he was gone, Cory and Jimmy scrambled out from behind the fence and ran over to where Curtis was lying” (214). Curtis tells them not to tell his parents and says he will go to Mr. Sakai instead.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Lois, 1965”

Lois notices the start of the Watts Uprising as the skies darken with smoke and the National Guard is called in: “Before the gunshots, before the looting, before the radio and TV newsmen said they’d better stay inside, Lois knew something awful was happening because the sky was filled with smoke” (216). The destruction is getting closer to Angeles Mesa, and the entire family is on edge. Frank instructs his family to stay indoors while he gathers some provisions and closes the store. Lois wants to go with him because she doesn’t want him to go alone, but he tells her to remain home.

Outside, his racist white neighbor sits on the porch with a gun. Although the neighbor once hated Frank for being “Japanese,” he says he will protect Frank’s family because he now wants to defend his home against Black people, as opposed to the Japanese. When Frank returns, he tells them that things are looking bad and that he had to send the boys home because they wanted to defend the store. Mary says he should’ve let them so that they could at least be good for something. Lois notes how distraught her father is all night, and no one in the family eats as protestors enter their neighborhood. The smell of smoke fills the house.

Lois sits with her dad, and when he asks her if they should leave, she says that she loves the neighborhood like he does. She believes the store will be okay and that they can remain. Frank just mutters seeming nonsense to Lois. He repeats over and over that “a man can’t leave his family” (220), even though Mary wants them to move. The next day, the family is relieved to hear that the authorities are restoring order. However, Kenji Hirano fetches Frank and tells him to get to the store quickly. When he returns, he’s visibly angry and upset, so much so that he curses and shouts about nothing being okay anymore. He doesn’t interact with his family, and Lois is afraid for her father. The next morning, Mary moves to her parents’ home in Gardena with the girls.

Chapter 23 Summary: “1994”

Jackie’s been avoiding seeing Laura, though they talk nearly every night. She finally treks over to Laura’s, unsure of what’s going to happen. Laura is overjoyed to see her and tries to initiate intimacy, but she sees that Jackie is clearly uninterested: “When Laura pulled back and brought her mouth up to Jackie’s, the kiss felt like something dead against Jackie’s lips” (222). Jackie finally lays into Laura, asking her why her boss, Manny, isn’t helping the Thai women who are slated to be deported. Laura is shocked and angered that Jackie would accuse her boss of not helping due to political reasons. Jackie believes Manny doesn’t want to get involved because he wants to run for mayor. Jackie eventually storms out, though she secretly wishes Laura would come after her.

Jackie returns home and calls Rebecca, and the two go out and get drunk. Jackie wakes up the next day with a bad hangover. She then remembers that she’s supposed to meet up with Lanier at her apartment, but the place is a mess, and Rebecca is still there. Rebecca refuses to leave and stays to meet Lanier. Rebecca flirts with Lanier, and Jackie “didn’t like it all, and couldn’t figure out who she was jealous of” (229). Eventually, Rebecca leaves. Lanier and Jackie set about looking at the photos from the shoe box. She tells him about the Holiday Bowl photo, and when he inspects it, he doesn’t see Curtis. The picture, however, shows a young version of Alma smiling at the camera. With this discovery, they’re both left wondering just how well Frank knew Alma, and why he has this picture of her.

Chapter 24 Summary: “Curtis–1963, 1965”

Curtis begins to identify more with the plight of Black people nationwide in 1963: “There was something about the hoses, his mother’s sad and bitter comment, his father’s description of the foreman, that made Curtis look around him” (233). Where once he thought of injustice on television as something that happened in the South, he now understands injustice at his very doorstep, especially as his mother and father both speak of their own experiences with injustice. He also wonders what will happen to Cory and Jimmy when they grow up. His own brush with racism comes during a track meet at El Segundo high, when he beats two white kids from a rival track team. He’s so elated that he pumps his chest at them as he wins. Later, in the locker room, the opposing team calls him racial slurs and begins roughing him up. Angry, Curtis takes out a knife and counterattacks, cutting one student. Curtis then receives a suspension from the team.

When he’s finally able to return, he and Angela go to the meets, although he can’t run. He suddenly makes the decision to try his luck by going to stores to get something to drink, knowing full well that he’s a Black kid in neighborhoods where he’s not welcome. Angela warns him against the danger, but he’s adamant. She accompanies him, along with a few of his friends: “They were foolish and brave and haphazard and young, not organized and huge in number like the students in the south” (237). One day, Officer Thomas tells him to stop trying to go to prohibited places. When Curtis mentions that Thomas’s son (who also runs track) is allowed into these places, Thomas takes offense at the presumption that Curtis is anything like his son or his family. To Thomas, Curtis is the type of Black person that makes hardworking Black people like himself look bad. Although Thomas intimidates Curtis, Curtis doesn’t relent in his protest, and he feels comfort in the fact that Angela will always be there by his side.

Chapter 25 Summary: “1994”

Jackie returns to Holiday Bowl, intent on talking to Kenji Hirano. She again sees the Nakamuras and makes small talk, and they inform her that she should go into the bowling section to meet with Kenji. Jackie does so and finds him bowling with three other men. This is her first time (that she remembers) in the bowling portion, but just like the café section, the groups of bowlers are all a mixture of elderly Japanese American and Black people. When she tries to engage Kenji in conversation, he tells her to bowl. She’s confused, especially as she just wants to ask him questions: “She couldn’t believe it—this was the man that she’d been sent to? What were the Nakamuras thinking? He was nuts” (242). Kenji berates her for not bringing her grandfather’s ball and sends her away to get fitted for shoes. As she dons the shoes and tries to ask him questions, he instructs her on how to bowl properly, while at the same time dropping clues that he knows who she is. He also reminds her that she was in the very same bowling alley with Frank, even though she doesn’t remember.

While bowling, Kenji details how he and Victor met Frank via the store. They both lived close, and they saw him every day that way. On the day of the murders, Kenji saw the white cop out front. When the crisis was over, he called Frank to come to the store because something seemed off: Someone had padlocked the freezer from the outside. When they opened it, they found the four boys huddled together inside. Frank lost it, and he knelt in front of Curtis and mourned. Then they pulled the boys out, and Frank called his wife, saying, “They’re dead. He’s dead, my love. They murdered him” (248).

After getting Kenji’s promise to testify, Jackie leaves and returns to Frank’s old store. She thinks about everything that she’s just heard, and in doing so, realizes that Frank didn’t call his wife Mary with the message of Curtis’s death—he had to have called Alma.

Chapters 21-25 Analysis

The narrative fleshes out the story of how Lawson beat up Curtis, revealing both Curtis’s inclination to protect Jimmy and Cory and the extent of Lawson’s racism. Both Lawson and Thomas demonstrate racism in this encounter, even though Thomas is Black. Whereas Lawson delivers physical punishment, Thomas uses his prejudiced words to cut at the Black youths. When Curtis tries to enter stores where whites don’t welcome Black people, Thomas chastises him. Thomas does not care about social justice; he is only interested in presenting himself as law-abiding and as an ally to white Angelenos. Because his family is middle class, he thinks they are superior to other Black people, and he finds it insulting when Black people like Curtis suggest any similarity between themselves and the Thomas family. Thomas’s behavior shows The Pervasive Effects of Racism in America: Curtis must fear all law enforcement officers, regardless of race. This proves justified, as both Lawson and Thomas are culpable in his murder.

As the narrative tension rises, the Watts Uprising hits the neighborhood. The uprising demonstrates The Drive to Combat Racial Injustice, which escalates to destruction when peaceful demands are ignored. The Sakais see the destruction getting closer to their home, and Frank tries to calm his family, though he’s stressed. At this point, it is clear that Frank is worried for both his family and the store. What isn’t yet clear is that the store is tied to the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is tied to Frank’s love of Curtis and Alma (his other family). He’s thinking about what he can potentially lose and those he can’t protect. After returning from the store, Frank yells, “Everything! Everything! Every Goddamned thing in the world!” (220). The reader can infer that Frank has found the boys in the freezer. Frank acts out of character all day, and his family packs up and leaves once it’s safe to drive again: “And since Frank was a man who neither shouted nor swore, Lois was shocked and began to cry” (221).

The picture that accompanies Curtis’s “thank you” letter shows a young woman on Frank’s bowling team. When Lanier identifies Alma in the photo, this information upends their timeline, suggesting that Frank knew Alma long before they believed he did. Jackie uncovers another secret when she finally talks to Kenji Hirano. Hirano reveals that when they found the boys in the freezer, Frank was inconsolable over Curtis’s death. He kept holding him, and then he called someone and said that they murdered Curtis. He referred to the woman on the phone as “my love” (248), so Hirano assumed he called his wife, Mary. Jackie, however, knows that “my love” refers to Alma, not Mary. Although it’s now evident just how much Frank cared about Curtis, Jackie still has questions about her family.

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