62 pages 2 hours read

Southland

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 32-37Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 32 Summary: “1965, 1994”

In 1965, the Watts Uprising breaks out like a heat storm. The narrator mentions how trouble could be felt in the air until it finally boiled over into physical destruction: “There was watchful suspense in the air. And the Southerners knew the only thing that could break the grip of heat was an old-fashioned, earth-shaking storm” (302). The protestors felt like enacting destruction was a way of holding power in their lives. The uprising hit Crenshaw on that Saturday, and Curtis and his friends watch groups of people looting and rioting while standing in front of Frank’s store. It’s Curtis, Akira Matsumoto (a rebellious Japanese American kid), David and his younger brother Tony, and Tony’s best friend, Gerald. Derek was there earlier but left, while Hirano returned after briefly going outside to preach.

Out of nowhere, Lawson pulls up and begins harassing them. He asks the boys if they are planning to riot, or if they are going to destroy Frank’s store. They try to explain that they are protecting the store, but numerous culminated events anger Lawson: the uprising, his partner laughing at him, and Akira talking back to him. He tells the boys to go inside the store, and when they lie by saying they don’t have a key, he places his gun to Curtis’s head until they produce one and go inside. The entire time, Curtis feels in his gut that they should do whatever they can to stay outside the store. They go inside, and Lawson pesters them more. The uprising validates him because he believes the Black people are acting like the “animals” he thinks they are. Now he can do or say whatever he wants without repercussion. He asks the boys again what they’re doing and knees David in the groin when he tries to say they’re protecting the store. Then Akira talks back, and Lawson strikes him with his gun, drawing blood. Curtis defensively raises his hands and waits for Lawson to strike him.

In 1994, Lanier tells Jackie that he doesn’t want to wait to speak with Paxton, so they set out for East Palo Alto. They introduce themselves to Paxton, and his demeanor changes completely when they inform him that they’re related to Curtis Martindale and Frank Sakai and that they’re building a case against Lawson. With this news, he invites them in and asks them specifically what they’re trying to do. Lanier fleshes out their plan: to line up witnesses so that they can present the case to the District Attorney’s office and have Lawson tried for the crimes. Paxton, however, shatters everything by saying that Lawson didn’t murder the boys. Although Lanier is incredulous, Paxton sets about explaining who did.

In 1965, the police officers and the boys all jump when someone pounds at the backdoor of the store. It turns out to be Officers Robert Thomas and Oliver Paxton. Curtis feels even more fear as Thomas is liable to do anything. When the officers receive a distress call, Lawson leaves for Crenshaw. Thomas and Paxton stay behind, and when Thomas turns his back, Akira takes off. Akira tries to get the others to run too, but Curtis knows the younger boys won’t make it. Thomas allows Akira to get away, then begins harassing the boys, calling them ignorant Black kids who always bring trouble: “I don’t see white people out there on Crenshaw or Central. It’s you” (312-13). He hates the fact that he’s considered just like Curtis and his friends. Although Curtis tries to reason with him, the fact that Curtis places himself on the same level with Thomas makes the officer even angrier.

When Curtis wipes at his brow, Thomas asks him if he’s hot. When Curtis says “yes,” Thomas motions for the boys to walk to the back of the store. Then he tells them to get inside the freezer. Curtis begins feeling nauseous, but Thomas isn’t joking. Then Thomas pulls his gun, and when the boys still refuse, he fires at the window, startling even Paxton. When he places the gun at Tony’s head, the boys go into the freezer. They wait about 15 minutes, then try to leave. The door should open easily from the inside or out, but Curtis finds that it won’t budge. He tries again, with rising fear. David finds a crowbar to try, but it’s no use either. Curtis tries to comfort the younger boys who are complaining about the cold by saying that Mr. Sakai will find them soon. The younger boys are the first to sit, and then David and Curtis sit with them to try and keep them warm. Curtis is the last to doze off, finally feeling warm while thinking about his friends and family: “Feeling safe now, he floated off to sleep” (315).

In 1994, silence fills the room after Paxton finishes his account of events. Lanier looks like he’s going to be sick, while Paxton seems like he’s stuck in his trauma. Jackie tries to talk with him, and then Lanier finally thanks him and leaves. Neither talk on the ride back to San Francisco. Lanier feels betrayed. This entire time, he’s thought he knew who killed Curtis. Now, it’s as if Curtis has died all over again. He doesn’t know what to make of the fact that Thomas—a Black man—killed four Black children—out of hatred and anger. When they reach the hotel, he finally tries talking about things, only to cry. Jackie comforts him, and the two begin kissing affectionately. Lanier then pulls back and apologizes, though Jackie admits that she too had a part in what just happened. They go to their separate rooms, but Lanier later asks if he can sleep in her room because he doesn’t want to be alone. She agrees, and they both promise not to touch the other.

Chapter 33 Summary: “1965”

Several hours before his death, Curtis is playing ball with Jimmy and Cory. As things on television get worse, he decides to check on the store. Although Cory and Jimmy want to go with him, he tells them it isn’t safe and that he’ll see them later. Jimmy becomes angry at this treatment and begins calling Curtis names. The two exchange heated words. Curtis eventually ignores Jimmy’s taunts and leaves with the promise to return. Jimmy then leaves and goes home: “He was still furious at Curtis, and glad he’d cursed him out; he wouldn’t speak to him, he decided, for a week” (321). He watches on the news how bad things are getting, and his own mother is stuck at work due to the volatile situation. The next day, his mother’s kisses awaken him. Three hours later, Frank Sakai comes to him with the news that Curtis has died. The news shocks Jimmy, who strikes out at Frank until Frank manages to hold him down. Then Jimmy just uncontrollably cries in Frank’s arms. The chapter begins by saying that “what haunted Jimmy the most later was not his cousin’s death itself, but what happened a few hours before it” (319).

Chapter 34 Summary: “1994”

Jackie and Lanier don’t want to trust Paxton’s word as the final say: “[Paxton] could have been lying, just as he claimed his colleagues had done—he could have been protecting Lawson, or even himself” (322). Jackie remembers that they never contacted Akira, so she and Lanier, though their friendship is strained now due to the intimacy, come together again. They ask Rebecca to call Akira’s office as she speaks perfect Japanese, and Jackie takes over when Akira comes on. Akira confirms he’s the man in question, but that Lawson, in fact, didn’t kill the boys. He then tells his version of the story, which matches up with Paxton’s: “That older cop had some kind of grudge against Curtis—against Black kids in general, I think” (325). Akira, however, adds that he fled to Japan because he was the one who shot Lawson that very same day. When he fled the store, he retrieved his father’s gun and shot Lawson on Crenshaw. He’d lost a brother in the uprising in Culver City, and then David and Curtis, and some friends from Dorsey. L.A. was a sore spot, and a dangerous one, so he left and never looked back. Akira is initially hesitant about testifying, especially as he shot a police officer, but he really wants to see the person who killed his old friends brought to justice. Jackie says they will talk to the DA about immunity for him, so he agrees. With this, Jackie and Lanier have their evidence that Paxton is telling the truth and that Thomas, not Lawson, is their man.

Jackie sets up a meeting with the DA for the following week, which means the two must wait impatiently with the news. Lanier, however, can’t wait any longer. He can’t fathom how Thomas could think to murder kids and live with himself. He goes to Jackie’s and asks if she wants to accompany him to Thomas’s. She warns him against bothering Thomas, but he says he doesn’t care if it scares Thomas or is illegal. They drive in silence to the Hollywood Station and then follow Thomas home. When Thomas finally realizes someone is following him, he gets out of his car. Lanier confronts him, but Thomas just shrugs and laughs. He tells Lanier that he doesn’t know what he’s talking about and that he has a lot of nerve bothering him at home. His smugness is the last straw. Lanier hits him, knocking him down and drawing blood. Jackie gets Lanier to leave, but not before Lanier tells Thomas that they’ve got him. Thomas just says that he’s a 35-year veteran and that it’s their word against his. As Lanier and Jackie drive back, they realize that Thomas is right: It’s their word against that of a beloved cop. With this realization, the two head their separate ways: “And so they separated, each left to fend for themselves with their anger, their dissatisfaction” (330).

Chapter 35 Summary: “July, 1946”

A young man (presumably Frank) stays late at work to meet up with his lover (presumably Alma). She’s 18, and he’s 22. They keep their relationship a secret and continue to meet like this for about a year. They enjoy each other’s company and this chance at happiness for the both of them, despite the horrors of the world they’ve seen: “They ran into each other on the street sometimes, when they were with their friends or parents, and it thrilled them both to pretend they hardly knew one another, and were only saying hello to be polite” (332). One night, however, she begins talking about her friend who is getting married, and she wonders aloud if they’ll get married. She feels angry when his body tenses. She questions him about it, and he says that he obviously wants to get married. She wants to know why he hesitated in saying yes, and the two argue. She then dresses and leaves. Due to pride, he doesn’t go after her, and it’s not until more than two weeks later that he decides to go to her family’s place and inquire about her: “He needed to make her understand that she was his life, as vital as water or air” (335). When he arrives, however, her father tells him that she’s left town.

Chapter 36 Summary: “1994”

Jackie and Lanier drive to their meeting with the DA and wonder what will happen afterward. Lanier offers her the chance to help out at the Marcus Garvey Community Center. Although initially hesitant because of work and school, she says that it would be an honor: “But then she realized that these reactions were silly. It was a wonderful idea—a way to see Lanier regularly, and to honor her grandfather” (337). They then meet Lois, who feels like she might remember Lanier from a previous meeting in the past. They’re met by Pauline Richardson, who will sit in with District Attorney Alan Silverman. Lois, Lanier, and Jackie then explain everything to Silverman and Richardson, but they don’t bring up Frank and Alma’s love affair: “It was irrelevant, really, to the fact of the murder. But more importantly, Jackie realized, she wanted to protect Frank and Alma and their undercover love; she wanted it to remain theirs forever” (339).

They also explain that Paxton and others will testify. Silverman says that their best course is to alert the police or Internal Affairs (IA): If the witnesses corroborate their stories, they can likely take the case to court. Jackie and Lanier are understandably wary about letting IA handle the case, but they agree and give up the names and addresses. Richardson promises to keep them in the loop and assures them that if anyone can bring Thomas down, it’ll be Silverman. Outside, Lois thanks Jackie for all her help. She then offers the money for the store to the Marcus Garvey Community Center. Although Lanier is initially surprised, they all know that it’s what Frank would have wanted, so he accepts graciously.

Rebecca and Jackie get ready for a law school classmate’s party. Jackie still hasn’t ended things with Laura, though she knows it’s only a matter of time before one of them does. Rebecca dares her to undress in front of her, and the two do, as if embarrassed children. They both sense that the dynamic has shifted and that they’re into each other sexually and romantically. Rebecca kisses Jackie, and Jackie “shivered—how long since she’d shivered” (343). Jackie feels a surge of excitement, something she hasn’t felt in a long time. Then Rebecca kisses her again. They both promise each other that they are working with broken parts but that they will try their best if a relationship is on the table. For the first time in a long time, Jackie feels happy about her future.

Chapter 37 Summary: “1965”

An older man (presumably Frank) now looks at the younger men he’s hired in his store, and especially at the latest young man (presumably Curtis), “the one he loved most” (345). He’s instructing the kid on business matters so that he can one day take over the store. The kid came in earlier to help with the store due to the uprising. The kid shows his growing knowledge of keeping the books, including a hilarious bit when he says they need to buy several types of candy and that he always takes a candy bar to Angela. The man is getting ready to send the kid home due to the uprising, but more importantly, he is getting ready to hand the store over to the boy: “The man knew his proposition was going to make the boy happy; just anticipating his reaction made him smile” (346). He’s found another job for himself and has wanted to hand the store over to the boy for some time now. When things calm down, he will finally tell the boy the truth about his parentage. He argued nonstop with the boy’s mother about this, but he thinks it’s time to tell the boy. He tells the boy that, when the uprising is all over, he wants to speak with him about some things. The boy notes how serious the older man’s face is. Then, a Japanese American kid informs them that rioting is happening on Western. The older man sends all the boys home and then locks up and leaves. The boys, however, don’t want to leave the store defenseless. One older boy (presumably Derek) goes home, but the others return to the store with the intent of defending it. The boy unwittingly set to take over the store is proud that his friends are willing to help him protect the store that he loves:

And as he kept walking, and then jogging, down the sidewalk, toward the store, he thought about the man, the strange intensity in his voice just before the other boys came in, and wondered what he’d been planning to tell him (348).

Chapters 32-37 Analysis

When Jackie and Lanier meet with Paxton, they learn the unthinkable: Officer Thomas, not Lawson, killed the boys. Thomas’s internalized racism boiled over, and he took his years of frustration and anger out on Curtis and the three boys by locking them in the store’s freezer in the novel’s most stark depiction of The Pervasive Effects of Racism in America. Although everyone saw Lawson go in with the boys, Lawson and his partner left the boys in Thomas and Paxton’s care to go help quell the uprising on Crenshaw. Paxton was young at the time, and even though he felt Thomas was out of line, he didn’t dare to go against him.

The reader also learns how things unfolded on the day of the murders. Although Frank sent the boys home, they returned to help protect the store: Akira fled through the back door when they were inside, however, and Derek Broadnax had decided against protecting the store and already left. This news is so startling that Lanier can barely process it: He has spent his entire life believing that a white officer targeted the boys and now must reconcile the knowledge that a Black cop is responsible. Lanier shows his disbelief and a vulnerable side of himself when he breaks down and cries in Jackie’s arms: He feels guilty for the cruel words he spoke to Curtis prior to Curtis’s death. After Paxton relays his account of what happened, Lanier feels as though Curtis has been killed all over again. Because no one has brought Thomas to justice for the murders, the truth continues to haunt Lanier, and he worries Second Chances and Redemption will elude him permanently.

The investigation turns to Akira, and when Jackie and Lanier contact him, he’s able to confirm Paxton’s story. Lanier loses it, and even though he and Jackie are set to meet the DA, “he hit Thomas in the face with a hard right hook, and Thomas dropped to the ground with a thud” (330). Thomas plays everything off, however, maintaining that because he’s a beloved cop, they don’t have a case. Although Jackie and Lanier know that cops often go unpunished in these instances, they still hope that justice will prevail.

The narrative ties up the storylines with the revelation that Curtis was Frank and Alma’s child. Lois gives the money to Lanier for the community center, and Jackie promises to help out at the center, showing that she has come to understand the value of Community as a Source of Strength. Jackie and Rebecca venture on a relationship, while the hope that the DA will indict Thomas hangs in the air. Lanier feels that he needs this win: “His shoulders had tightened, his breath was shallow and fast. If Thomas slipped through their fingers now, he didn’t know what he would do” (339). Although the novel does not end with Thomas’s conviction, justice prevails in that the truth has come to the fore.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 62 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 9,100+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools