37 pages 1 hour read

The Friend

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2018

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Parts 10-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 10 Summary

The narrator is “forced to contemplate” (107) the fact that Apollo is an aging dog. She wants Apollo to “live as long as I do. Anything less is unfair” (107). Remembering the words of Karl Kraus, she points out that “it’s to people that dogs are loyal, not to other dogs” (108). She regrets that she did not know him as a puppy, when he would have been full of energy. The narrator thinks about how, in books, “something bad happens to the dog” (109) and gives numerous examples.

Thinking about Apollo and other dogs, the narrator likes to believe that they are capable of showing gratitude. She tries to understand how he perceives the world. At a party, an unknown woman “giggles and says, Aren’t you the one who’s in love with a dog?” (112). This causes a moment of reflection for the narrator; she admits that “this love is not like any love I’ve ever felt before” (112). The narrator has a “recurring anxiety” (112) about Apollo’s real owner finding him and trying to claim him back. She rereads Ackerley. When asked to recommend a book for a radio show, the author selects The Oxford Book of Death, which she is rereading “with particular attention to the chapters ‘Suicide’ and ‘Animals’” (113). After completing the assignment, she never hears from the radio show again. She thinks about how stories end.

Part 11 Summary

The narration switches voice and considers “how should the story end” (115). In the third-person, the narrative contemplates “a woman alone in her apartment one morning” (115), imagines what will happen to her, and describes the day in detail through a question-and-answer format. The woman visits a male friend who has a dog that the woman has recently cared for. It was not a problem, she says, as “it was like having a furry bit of you here” (116). The man has recently tried and failed to commit suicide and now feels “humiliated” (117).

The man is a writer who has spent time recently in a psychiatric ward following his failed attempt; there, he took a writing class as a means to pass the time. The therapist who taught the class was female, and he admits that “really, I wanted to fuck her” (119). It is good for him to be working on shorter pieces, he tells the woman. She has been teaching a new course but dropped a piece that she was writing which concerned the victims of human trafficking. He encourages her to resume working on the piece. They discuss what it means to write and the nature of fiction. The way students consider authors now, the man says, is why he has “decided not to go back to teaching” (122). He will not be missed, thinks the woman.

The woman reveals that she has begun to write something new. She says that she was inspired by It’s a Wonderful Life, which she watched with the man’s dog on her lap. She was thinking about the man’s suicide attempt and what might have happened had it been completed. The man turns pale. The woman assures him that there are no names in the text and that the small dog named Jip has become a large Great Dane named Apollo. She has turned the real characters into fictional ones. The man remains in shock and tells the woman that “right now I can tell you it feels like a betrayal” (124). He thinks that the idea is sleazy and worries that nothing bad happens to the dog. The chapter ends with page containing only the words “DEFEAT THE BLANK PAGE” (125).

Part 12 Summary

As Chapter 12 unfolds, the narrator returns. She and Apollo have come to the seaside because the stairs in the apartment had become too difficult for the dog. The dog had also begun defecating in the apartment block and had become too arthritic to jump up on the bed; the “odor never really went away” (129). A friend offered his mother’s place to her, as his own mother had to go into a nursing home, and she accepted.

As the chapter opens, the narrator muses about the life of a dog, particularly a dog’s incredible sense of smell, something that age has dulled. They listen to birdsong, to sea and surf, and the narrator wonders whether the dog enjoys the sound. The narrator worries that one day, they will go down to the shore and “you won’t be able to make it back” (128).

The narrator remembers “a scary thing” (128) that happened back in the city; the dog sat down and was in clear distress. People helped, fetching water and putting up shade for the overheated dog. After the dog recovered, the vet recommended exercise and said that the arthritis medicine is working. She thinks about the time when she may have to have the dog euthanized and is thankful that they have had “one more summer” (129). It has been like a vacation, even though the narrator had thought “the time would pass more slowly” (131).

Although she still misses her dead friend and knows that “it would not make me happy at all not to miss him anymore” (131), the narrator has come to terms with his suicide. She was worried that “writing about it might be a mistake” (132); she is still not sure “whether or not I was in love with him” (132). She gets a bowl of water for the dog, worried about the heat, and a glass of iced tea for herself. She wants “to call out your name, but the word dies in my throat. Oh, my friend, my friend!” (133).

Parts 10-12 Analysis

In the closing sections of the novel, the author executes a deft narrative switch which completely changes the meaning of the book. The penultimate chapter begins with what feels like a switch in perspective, bolstered by a succession of narrative clues: The person speaks of a male friend who has a dog she has recently cared for—a friend who is a writing teacher with a penchant for objectifying women—who encourages her to revisit a piece she has been working on about victims of human trafficking.

When the woman announces that she has been working on something new, the switch in perspective becomes clear. The entire story is actually a novel within a novel, reconstructing real-life events within a story: The woman narrating Part 11 is writing a story about her friend who almost committed suicide, imagining what might have happened and how she would have dealt with the grief following the incident. Now, the audience views the story not as one woman’s attempts to navigate a severe loss through a friendship with an animal, but as an author’s attempts to navigate a friend’s near-suicide by writing a book about what might have happened had her own friend died, using a relationship with a dog as a form of psychoanalysis.

This penultimate part acts as a framing device, imposed on the story late in the narrative arc. It adds depth to the numerous discussions of writing in the book: The act of writing now becomes a clear way of processing emotions, and the act of teaching writing becomes a means of therapy, helping students process complex emotions by putting words on a page. When the isolated sentence “DEFEAT THE BLANK PAGE” (125) appears in the text, it is a call to write, a manifesto by the female author calling her to conquer her fears and her writer’s block by placing words on a page. Writing the novel is cathartic and helpful, as demonstrated in the final chapter, despite her friend’s qualms about being its subject.

Switching back into the imagined novel within the novel, the final part features the return of the narrator and describes the time she is taking away from New York and living by the sea with Apollo. Rather than feeling anxiety and fear about losing the dog (and thus, by extension, losing her friend again), she has come to terms with reality—just as novel’s author has accepted that like Apollo and like the character in her novel, her own friend may not live very long. Now, the narrator and the author both accept that nothing can be done about these potentially devastating losses. The narrator’s friend is gone, and her dog may die, but despite the dog’s mortality, she reflects happily on the time they have spent together; it is assumed that the narrator is communicating the author’s state of mind as well.

As is the case in many postmodern novels, the objective truth of the story is not as important as the emotional truth it reveals. Both the internal and external novels, despite the structure’s obscuring of objective truth, are exercises in communicating the emotional truth of grief and anxiety. The narrator (and, by extension, the woman who is writing about her) has come to terms with the suicide (or near suicide) of a friend; after a journey through grief (and imagined grief), each has found peace. And the author of their whole journey, Sigrid Nunez, creates a novel that reflects on the power of writing and literature, and the dynamics of the writer’s life—adding yet another metacognitive layer to this rich and complex work.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 37 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 9,150+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools