59 pages 1 hour read

The Mauritanian (Guantánamo Diary)

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2015

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Part 3, Chapter 6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “GTMO”

Part 3, Chapter 6 Summary: “GTMO: September 2003-December 2003”

Content Warning: This section references extreme instances of torture, graphic violence, sexual assault, racism, and Islamophobia.

Camp Delta featured arrows pointing to Mecca along with a call to prayer five times a day. In public, the Americans “always repeated that the war is not against the Islamic religion” (261). In private, however, “the war against the Islamic religion was more than obvious” (261). Secret camps forbade prayer, having the Koran, or even reciting passages from it. During one of Slahi’s interrogations, SFC Shally told the author that both Karim Mehdi and Christian Ganczarski had informed him that Slahi recruited them for al-Qaeda.

Since sexual abuse didn’t work on Slahi, the interrogators considered reducing his sleep to make him more compliant. One way of accomplishing sleep deprivation was by forcing a detainee to drink 25-oz bottles of water at regular intervals which led to spending most of the time in the bathroom. In addition to using this method with Slahi, they made him believe that he was kidnapped on a remote island, as described in the previous chapter, and that his mother had been captured and placed in a special facility: “Over the next few days, I almost lost my mind” (266). The interrogators made him call them Yoda and the names of other Star Wars characters. The torture was so extensive that Slahi wanted to die. He hallucinated, hearing his family’s voices and music from his homeland. During this time, the author learned that Captain Collins’s real name was Richard Zuley.

On September 8, 2003, Slahi decided to cooperate with the interrogators by telling them what they wanted to hear because “thanks to the unbearable pain I was suffering, I had nothing to lose, and I allowed myself to say anything to satisfy my assailants” (275). He learned from SFC Shally of the “precise crime I could admit to which would comply with the Intel theory” (271). The crime was planning to attack, along with others, the CN Tower in Toronto—a building Slahi had never heard of when he lived in Montreal. SFC Shally also wanted Slahi to admit to other crimes: “I could stop the torture if I said I recruited bin al-Shibh and two hijackers” (276) for his cousin Mahfouz Ould al-Walid. The author’s objective was to make himself look as bad as possible. For example, Slahi was told to provide “a Smoking Gun” (277) about Ahmed Laabidi connecting him to the Millennium Plot and say that he “felt bad for everybody [he] hurt with [his] false testimonies” (279). Slahi suspected that he was being housed near Camp Delta in solitary confinement. To keep track of time, the author read 10 pages of the Koran every day, thus finishing the religious text every 60 days. In addition, he spent time learning English, and SFC Shally and SSG Mary explained certain words to him.

Despite Slahi’s telling his captors what they wanted to hear, they continued to interrogate him ceaselessly, day and night, increasing the pressure. At one point, the author was given a pillow, and he interpreted this gift to mean that the end of his torture was near. He wrote and signed his false confession about seeking to blow up CN Tower in Toronto with Hasni, Raouf, Mohamed, and Ahmed. All the interrogators except SSG Mary—who doubted the story—were satisfied. Captain Collins decided to confirm this story with the other intelligence agencies, while Slahi warned him, “If you want the truth, this story didn’t happen” (287). At this time, Slahi was staying in Camp Echo Special—the same place where he was taken after his staged abduction.

On November 12, 2003, Slahi was given a polygraph test to confirm his statements. To establish a baseline, John, the polygraph expert, asked the author irrelevant, neutral questions. Slahi answered negatively to questions about knowing al-Qaeda members or being aware of plans to attack North American targets in the future. Additionally, he told John that Ahmed Laabidi was innocent, in his opinion. When the results became available, SSG Mary informed Slahi that he’d “passed the test with flying colors” (300). Some interrogators refused to believe the results, and Slahi was given retested the following week: “The verdict did not change; the tester stuck to his guns, and one more time I passed the test” (303).

Part 3, Chapter 6 Analysis

This chapter represents the climax of The Mauritanian, which starts with Slahi’s staged kidnapping in Chapter 5—the most elaborate physical and psychological multi-hour torture incident—which broke him and led to his false confession in this chapter. Emphasizing the theme of Depersonalization and Dehumanization, he describes being traumatized for weeks after the kidnapping. As a result, in a state of hopelessness, he decided to give the interrogators what they wanted. The highest point of action in the book is paradoxically the lowest point emotionally as the author faces the depths of despair. Even his strong faith couldn’t keep him from—temporarily—giving up. As a result, Slahi placed himself at the center of a plot to blow up the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada. In reality, he’d lived only briefly in Montreal and hadn’t heard of that landmark. The author comes across as empathetic throughout this chapter (and the entire book), even finding good qualities in his worst captors. He was particularly distraught about implicating others in the plot during his false confession. The author’s detailed descriptions of his psychological state and his trauma responses are an important contribution to understanding the nature of false confessions after prolonged torture or in other contexts such as police custody. Indeed, Richard Zuley was linked to both.

However, the change in Slahi’s mental state was so obvious that even some Guantanamo staff questioned the validity of his statements. At the same time, this false confession led to two polygraph tests during which the author denied his involvement in terrorism. The polygraph expert confirmed that Slahi was being truthful. While polygraph test results aren’t admissible in court, they should have at least set Slahi on a path of exoneration. However, the interrogations didn’t stop, though his treatment eased. After all, to assume that Slahi—and most of the other 780 detainees—were innocent, the Guantanamo staff would have had to question their entire system.

In this chapter, the author continues to explore the theme of Racism, Islamophobia, and the US War on Terror. Here, he describes Camp Delta, which allowed the detainees to practice their religion and even featured arrows pointing toward Mecca. (In the subsequent chapter, Slahi finds that someone has left him a copy of the Koran in his laundry.) In contrast, the secret camp that subjected the detainees to elaborate torture explicitly forbade them to practice Islam. In the author’s view, the public statements by the US government about not targeting Muslims and their treatment in private were hypocritical.

Slahi describes survival under extreme circumstances. He focuses on what provided him with a sense of normalcy and helped him maintain some dignity. First, he continued to write his manuscript. Second, he was learning English and asked the guards for help. Third, because he was unaware of how long his detention would last, keeping track of time became extremely important. Slahi focused on reading 10 pages of the Koran per day. The Koran contains about 600 pages, so the author was able to count time in 60-day intervals. He doesn’t specify whether he read the Koran in book form or recited it in his mind.

Another noteworthy aspect of this chapter is that the Guantanamo staff he encountered opted to use Star Wars nicknames such as Yoda and Jedi. First, using nicknames allowed them to conceal their identities. Second, the staff may have wanted to lighten the atmosphere in such a dark place by using pop culture references. Third, these Americans typically associated themselves with the good side of the Star Wars saga, which fought an “evil empire.” They displayed little awareness that their torture methods placed them on the dark side instead. This irony is yet another aspect of the situation that exemplifies The Absurdities of Life as a Detainee, one of the book’s primary themes.

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